A State of Violence [Notes from the Bahraini Field- Update 7]

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Mar 17, 2011 Bahrain
[Photo being circulated by Bahraini security officials, \"Disperse people! We will trample on you\"] [Photo being circulated by Bahraini security officials, \"Disperse people! We will trample on you\"]

A State of Violence [Notes from the Bahraini Field- Update 7]

By : Jadaliyya Reports

In the early hours of the morning on Wednesday March 16th, the Bahraini army attacked and “cleansed” (the word used on national TV was تطهير) the Pearl roundabout using helicopters, tear gas and live ammunition. Below is a first-hand account from a Human Rights Watch Correspondent in Bahrain:

"At 7.30 this morning I tried to go to Salmaniya hospital. But the whole area is surrounded by riot police diverting cars away from the area. I walked around for a little while trying to assess the situation. There were scattered gangs of youth covering their face on one of the main streets close to the hospital. There was tear gas in the area - I couldn`t tell if it was blowing over here from the Roundabout area or if police had fired tear gas close to Salmaniya. I could also see thick was black smoke coming from the area of the Roundabout. During the half-hour I was in the area I could hear sustained sounds: bangs, booms, and repetitive shots that might have been live ammunition rounds. There were also military helicopters flying very low overhead. I hitched a ride with an employee of the Ministry of Health who said he was on his way to Salmaniya, but he dropped me off close to one of the gates when he realized I was a foreigner. I saw him trying to drive into the hospital but riot police were there so he (and several other cars trying to get in) were forced to turn around. Not sure if he ever made it in.

I have been able to communicate with a doctor who has been at Salmaniya since last night. He says that security forces have surrounded the hospital and are not allowing ambulances to leave or get in to treat the casualties. Another medical staff person sent me pictures of riot police around the hospital. She says the people inside feel threatened by the police. It is not clear where authorities are taking the casualties or how many people have been killed or injured."

Salmaniya hospital is still reportedly under siege, with its staff being prevented from entering or leaving and those wounded being denied access to treatment. Five people have been reported dead, including two security personnel, and a twelve-hour curfew was announced from 4pm to 4am. An interior ministry press release from yesterday states that “squatters” were given ample time to leave, and then accused them of creating many ‘ambushes’ that resulted in the ‘martyrdom’ of two security personnel. Many protesters were thus arrested “for their hideous crimes.” Muted violence continued throughout the day, with tanks stationed at the entrance of the suburb of Budaiya opening fire on youth who were taunting them from a nearby road.  There are reports of tanks stationed at the entrance of a number of ‘Shia villages.’

As part of its campaign against the opposition, Bahrain TV has been rising to the defense of ‘poor Asians,’ a number of whom have come under attack by civilians in the past week. The video link here shows two men who appear to be Pakistani being brought into Salmaniya Medical Complex. One of the men is handcuffed, and they are roughly taken out of the ambulance and escorted by security guards into the hospital as a bystander attacks one of them. It`s not clear who these men are, why they are handcuffed, or the reason for the attack, but it is heartening to note that voices among the opposition have spoken out against attacks on migrant workers.

Migrant workers are easily the most vulnerable segment of Bahraini society. They are afforded minimal legal protections due to a deeply flawed and protracted legal system and a generally weak application of the law. They bear the brunt of the Bahraini economy and most of its citizens in ordinary times, and are now being singled out and targeted in these chaotic times.

Ostensibly, the withdrawal of police forces from ordinary policing and security duties has led to a combination of mob rule: On the one hand, there are roaming gangs of armed instigators, the "baltajiyya;" and on on the other, there are those Bahrainis who are indsicriminately lashing out at foreigners, mostly Paksitanis, because they have witnessed or have been directly affected by the violence of the (mostly Pakistani) security personnel. A Pakistani commentator has spoken out on the issue, urging Pakistanis not to "lend an iron hand to despots of the Middle East."

Sectarianism

Along with the increase in violence, the emphasis on sectarianism is on the rise too. A dangerous new precedent is being set as Iran took a break from repressing its own citizens and pitched in its two cents, calling the crackdown `unjustifiable` and withdrawing its ambassador from Bahrain.

Meanwhile, the only local newspaper to take an independent/ moderate opposition stance, Al Wasat News, reported the resignation of twelve Jaafari judges from Bahrain`s Shari`a court and several Shura Council members (consultative council appointed by the king), as well as two cabinet ministers: Health Minister Nizar Al Baharna (former Minister of Foreign Affairs, who was appointed as Health Minister as a `concession` to protesters because he is a Shia Bahraini) and former opposition figure and Housing Minister Majeed Al Alawi, who was Labour Minister but was also recently re-shuffled (as part of same `concession`) .

Arrests

Ibrahim Sharif from Wa`ad (liberal secular opposition party) and Hassan Mushaima were reportedly arrested. 

Reporters from the economist, CNN, BBC Arabic and Aljazeera English have been denied entry into Bahrain, and Dow Jones journalist Alex Delmar Morgan reportedly detained by the army as he walked towards the Pearl roundabout.

International Issues

Protests were held in Oman, Qatif, and Saihat in solidarity with the Bahraini people in the face of the brutal military crackdown. Other protests are also scheduled to take place in London from the Bahrain Embassy to the Saudi and US embassies.

In a mild departure from her usual chummy relations with the Bahraini government, Hilary Clinton has said officials in Bahrain are on the `wrong track’ in reference to recent violence unleashed on demonstrators. The UK`s David Cameron has called for ‘restraint on all sides’ (presumably Bahraini protesters should restrain themselves from dying so suddenly and violently).

The New York Times reported that a senior (unnamed) US Diplomat has arrived in Bahrain to discuss "calming" the situation, which, unsurprisingly they describe purely in terms of American interests; “the battle for control of this strategic island kingdom intensified on Tuesday as Iran lashed out at the arrival of Saudi troops.” Considering that Robert Gates visited the country the night before the incursion of the Peninsula Shield Troops and the ensuing violence, Bahrain can only wait with bated breath to see what this visit brings.

 

[The above is part of a series of email reports from Jadaliyya affiliates in Manama. They will be updated regularly to reflect the latest developments in Bahrain. Also see our Notes from the Bahraini Field Update 1, Update 2, Update 3, Update 4, Update 5, and Update 6].
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Jadaliyya Reports By :
Jadaliyya Reports

Past is Present: Settler Colonialism Matters!

On 5-6 March 2011, the Palestine Society at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) in London will hold its seventh annual conference, "Past is Present: Settler Colonialism in Palestine." This year`s conference aims to understand Zionism as a settler colonial project which has, for more than a century, subjected Palestine and Palestinians to a structural and violent form of destruction, dispossession, land appropriation and erasure in the pursuit of a new Jewish Israeli society. By organizing this conference, we hope to reclaim and revive the settler colonial paradigm and to outline its potential to inform and guide political strategy and mobilization.

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is often described as unique and exceptional with little resemblance to other historical or ongoing colonial conflicts. Yet, for Zionism, like other settler colonial projects such as the British colonization of Ireland or European settlement of North America, South Africa or Australia, the imperative is to control the land and its resources -- and to displace the original inhabitants. Indeed, as conference keynote speaker Patrick Wolfe, one of the foremost scholars on settler colonialism and professor at La Trobe University in Victoria, Australia, argues, "the logic of this project, a sustained institutional tendency to eliminate the Indigenous population, informs a range of historical practices that might otherwise appear distinct--invasion is a structure not an event."[i]

Therefore, the classification of the Zionist movement as a settler colonial project, and the Israeli state as its manifestation, is not merely intended as a statement on the historical origins of Israel, nor as a rhetorical or polemical device. Rather, the aim is to highlight Zionism`s structural continuities and the ideology which informs Israeli policies and practices in Palestine and toward Palestinians everywhere. Thus, the Nakba -- whether viewed as a spontaneous, violent episode in war, or the implementation of a preconceived master plan -- should be understood as both the precondition for the creation of Israel and the logical outcome of Zionist settlement in Palestine.

Moreover, it is this same logic that sustains the continuation of the Nakba today. As remarked by Benny Morris, “had he [David Ben Gurion] carried out full expulsion--rather than partial--he would have stabilised the State of Israel for generations.”[ii] Yet, plagued by an “instability”--defined by the very existence of the Palestinian nation--Israel continues its daily state practices in its quest to fulfill Zionism’s logic to maximize the amount of land under its control with the minimum number of Palestinians on it. These practices take a painful array of manifestations: aerial and maritime bombardment, massacre and invasion, house demolitions, land theft, identity card confiscation, racist laws and loyalty tests, the wall, the siege on Gaza, cultural appropriation, and the dependence on willing (or unwilling) native collaboration and security arrangements, all with the continued support and backing of imperial power. 

Despite these enduring practices however, the settler colonial paradigm has largely fallen into disuse. As a paradigm, it once served as a primary ideological and political framework for all Palestinian political factions and trends, and informed the intellectual work of committed academics and revolutionary scholars, both Palestinians and Jews.

The conference thus asks where and why the settler colonial paradigm was lost, both in scholarship on Palestine and in politics; how do current analyses and theoretical trends that have arisen in its place address present and historical realities? While acknowledging the creativity of these new interpretations, we must nonetheless ask: when exactly did Palestinian natives find themselves in a "post-colonial" condition? When did the ongoing struggle over land become a "post-conflict" situation? When did Israel become a "post-Zionist" society? And when did the fortification of Palestinian ghettos and reservations become "state-building"?

In outlining settler colonialism as a central paradigm from which to understand Palestine, this conference re-invigorates it as a tool by which to analyze the present situation. In doing so, it contests solutions which accommodate Zionism, and more significantly, builds settler colonialism as a political analysis that can embolden and inform a strategy of active, mutual, and principled Palestinian alignment with the Arab struggle for self-determination, and indigenous struggles in the US, Latin America, Oceania, and elsewhere.

Such an alignment would expand the tools available to Palestinians and their solidarity movement, and reconnect the struggle to its own history of anti-colonial internationalism. At its core, this internationalism asserts that the Palestinian struggle against Zionist settler colonialism can only be won when it is embedded within, and empowered by, the broader Arab movement for emancipation and the indigenous, anti-racist and anti-colonial movement--from Arizona to Auckland.

SOAS Palestine Society invites everyone to join us at what promises to be a significant intervention in Palestine activism and scholarship.

For over 30 years, SOAS Palestine Society has heightened awareness and understanding of the Palestinian people, their rights, culture, and struggle for self-determination, amongst students, faculty, staff, and the broader public. SOAS Palestine society aims to continuously push the frontiers of discourse in an effort to make provocative arguments and to stimulate debate and organizing for justice in Palestine through relevant conferences, and events ranging from the intellectual and political impact of Edward Said`s life and work (2004), international law and the Palestine question (2005), the economy of Palestine and its occupation (2006), the one state (2007), 60 Years of Nakba, 60 Years of Resistance (2009), and most recently, the Left in Palestine (2010).

For more information on the SOAS Palestine Society 7th annual conference, Past is Present: Settler Colonialism in Palestine: www.soaspalsoc.org

SOAS Palestine Society Organizing Collective is a group of committed students that has undertaken to organize annual academic conferences on Palestine since 2003.

 

[i] Patrick Wolfe, Settler Colonialism and the Transformation of Anthropology: The Politics and Poetics of an Ethnographic Event, Cassell, London, p. 163

[ii] Interview with Benny Morris, Survival of the Fittest, Haaretz, 9. January 2004, http://cosmos.ucc.ie/cs1064/jabowen/IPSC/php/art.php?aid=5412